Nau'ikan fararen LED: Manyan hanyoyin fasaha na farin LED don haske sune: ① Shuɗin LED + nau'in phosphor; ②Nau'in LED na RGB; ③ Nau'in phosphor na Ultraviolet.

1. Hasken shuɗi - guntun LED + nau'in phosphor mai launin rawaya-kore wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan da aka samo daga phosphor masu launuka daban-daban da sauran nau'ikan.

Layin phosphor mai launin rawaya-kore yana shan wani ɓangare na hasken shuɗi daga guntun LED don samar da hasken photoluminescence. Sauran ɓangaren hasken shuɗi daga guntun LED ana watsa shi ta cikin layin phosphor kuma yana haɗuwa da hasken rawaya-kore da phosphor ke fitarwa a wurare daban-daban a cikin sararin samaniya. Ana haɗa fitilun ja, kore da shuɗi don samar da haske fari; A cikin wannan hanyar, mafi girman ƙimar ka'idar ingancin canza hasken phosphor, ɗaya daga cikin ingancin adadi na waje, ba zai wuce kashi 75% ba; kuma matsakaicin ƙimar cire haske daga guntu zai iya kaiwa kusan kashi 70% kawai. Saboda haka, a ka'ida, haske fari mai launin shuɗi Matsakaicin ingancin hasken LED ba zai wuce 340 Lm/W ba. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, CREE ya kai 303Lm/W. Idan sakamakon gwajin ya kasance daidai, ya cancanci a yi bikin.

2. Haɗin launuka uku na farko ja, kore da shuɗiNau'ikan RGB LEDhadaNau'ikan LED RGBW-, da sauransu.

An haɗa diodes masu fitar da haske guda uku tare, kuma manyan launuka uku na hasken ja, kore da shuɗi da ake fitarwa ana haɗa su kai tsaye a sararin samaniya don samar da haske fari. Domin samar da haske fari mai inganci ta wannan hanyar, da farko dai, LEDs masu launuka daban-daban, musamman LEDs masu kore, dole ne su zama tushen haske mai inganci. Ana iya ganin wannan daga gaskiyar cewa hasken kore yana da kusan kashi 69% na "hasken fari na isoenergy". A halin yanzu, ingancin hasken LEDs masu shuɗi da ja ya yi yawa sosai, tare da ingancin kwantum na ciki ya wuce kashi 90% da 95% bi da bi, amma ingancin kwantum na ciki na LEDs masu kore yana baya sosai. Wannan lamari na ƙarancin ingancin hasken kore na LEDs masu tushen GaN ana kiransa da "rabin haske mai kore." Babban dalili shine cewa LEDs masu kore ba su sami kayan epitaxial nasu ba tukuna. Kayan jerin phosphorus arsenic nitride da ke akwai suna da ƙarancin inganci a cikin kewayon bakan rawaya-kore. Duk da haka, amfani da kayan ja ko shuɗi na epitaxial don yin LEDs kore zai kasance ƙarƙashin ƙarancin yawan wutar lantarki, saboda babu asarar juyawar phosphor, LED kore yana da inganci mafi girma fiye da hasken kore mai shuɗi + phosphor. An ruwaito cewa ingancin haskensa ya kai 291Lm/W a ƙarƙashin yanayin halin yanzu na 1mA. Duk da haka, ingancin hasken kore da tasirin Droop ya haifar yana raguwa sosai a manyan kwararar wutar lantarki. Lokacin da yawan wutar lantarki ya ƙaru, ingancin hasken yana raguwa da sauri. A yanayin zafi na 350mA, ingancin hasken shine 108Lm/W. A ƙarƙashin yanayin 1A, ingancin hasken yana raguwa. zuwa 66Lm/W.

Ga phosphides na Rukuni na III, fitar da haske zuwa cikin kore ya zama babban cikas ga tsarin kayan. Canza abun da ke cikin AlInGaP ta yadda zai fitar da kore maimakon ja, lemu ko rawaya yana haifar da rashin isasshen ɗaurewa ga masu ɗaukar kaya saboda ƙarancin gibin makamashi na tsarin kayan, wanda ke hana haɗakar haske mai inganci.

Sabanin haka, yana da wahala ga III-nitrides su cimma babban inganci, amma matsalolin ba za a iya shawo kansu ba. Ta amfani da wannan tsarin, shimfiɗa haske zuwa ga hasken kore, abubuwa biyu da za su haifar da raguwar inganci sune: raguwar ingancin kwantum na waje da ingancin lantarki. Rage ingancin kwantum na waje ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa kodayake gibin band na kore yana ƙasa, LEDs masu kore suna amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba mai girma na GaN, wanda ke haifar da raguwar canjin wutar lantarki. Rashin kyau na biyu shine kore LED yana raguwa yayin da yawan kwararar wutar lantarki ke ƙaruwa kuma tasirin drop yana kama da shi. Tasirin Droop kuma yana faruwa a cikin shuɗin LEDs, amma tasirinsa ya fi girma a cikin kore LEDs, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ingancin aiki na yau da kullun. Duk da haka, akwai hasashe da yawa game da abubuwan da ke haifar da tasirin drop, ba kawai sake haɗa Auger ba - sun haɗa da rushewa, ambaliya mai ɗaukar kaya ko leaking na electron. Na ƙarshen yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar filin lantarki na ciki mai ƙarfin lantarki.

Saboda haka, hanyar inganta ingancin hasken LEDs masu kore: a gefe guda, yi nazarin yadda za a rage tasirin Droop a ƙarƙashin yanayin kayan epitaxial da ake da su don inganta ingancin haske; a gefe guda kuma, yi amfani da canza hasken LED masu shuɗi da phosphorus masu kore don fitar da hasken kore. Wannan hanyar za ta iya samun hasken kore mai inganci, wanda a ka'ida zai iya cimma ingantaccen haske fiye da hasken fari na yanzu. Hasken kore ne ba na kwatsam ba, kuma raguwar tsarkin launi da faɗaɗa haskensa ya haifar ba shi da kyau ga nunin faifai, amma bai dace da talakawa ba. Babu matsala ga haske. Ingancin hasken kore da aka samu ta wannan hanyar yana da yuwuwar zama sama da 340 Lm/W, amma har yanzu ba zai wuce 340 Lm/W ba bayan haɗawa da farin haske. Na uku, ci gaba da bincike da nemo kayan epitaxial ɗinku. Kawai ta wannan hanyar, akwai ɗan haske na bege. Ta hanyar samun hasken kore wanda ya fi 340 Lm/w, farin hasken da aka haɗa tare da manyan LEDs guda uku masu launi ja, kore da shuɗi na iya zama mafi girma fiye da iyakar ingancin haske na 340 Lm/w na farin LEDs masu launin shuɗi.

3. Hasken Ultravioletguntu + manyan phosphorus guda uku suna fitar da haske.

Babban lahani da ke tattare da nau'ikan farin LED guda biyu da ke sama shine rashin daidaiton rarraba haske da chromaticity na sarari. Hasken ultraviolet ba za a iya gane shi ta idon ɗan adam ba. Saboda haka, bayan hasken ultraviolet ya fita daga guntu, manyan phosphorus guda uku masu launi a cikin marufi suna shaye shi, kuma ana canza shi zuwa haske fari ta hanyar hasken phosphors, sannan a fitar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya. Wannan shine babban fa'idarsa, kamar fitilun fluorescent na gargajiya, ba shi da rashin daidaiton launi na sarari. Duk da haka, ingancin hasken ka'idar haske na guntu ultraviolet farin LED ba zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙimar ka'idar haske mai launin shuɗi ba, balle ƙimar ka'idar haske fari RGB. Duk da haka, ta hanyar haɓaka manyan phosphorus masu launi uku masu inganci waɗanda suka dace da motsin ultraviolet za mu iya samun fararen LEDs masu haske waɗanda ke kusa ko ma sun fi inganci fiye da fararen LED guda biyu da ke sama a wannan matakin. Mafi kusanci da shuɗin LEDs na ultraviolet, mafi yuwuwar su. Girman da yake da shi, matsakaici-rage da gajeren UV fari LEDs ba zai yiwu ba.